Amsler Grid — Complete User Guide
Macular pathology self-screening tool with four testing modes, detailed clinical significance of metamorphopsia, central scotoma, and color abnormalities.
Amsler gridmacular screeningAmsler Gridmetamorphopsiacentral scotomamacular degeneration
Testing Principle
The Amsler Grid was designed by Swiss ophthalmologist Marc Amsler in 1947, based on the macular area's ability to perceive high-contrast straight lines. Under normal conditions, uniform white grid and clear black lines are seen; with macular pathology, grid distortion, scotomas, or color changes appear.
Testing Method
Standard testing distance: 30-40 cm (reading distance)
- Wear near glasses if needed (for presbyopia or myopia)
- Cover one eye; fixate on the central white dot of the grid
- Note whether: grid is straight/no scotomas/colors are uniform
- Repeat for the other eye
Interpreting Abnormal Results
- Metamorphopsia: Grid distortion; common in wet AMD, macular edema
- Central scotoma: Dark area around fixation point; common in macular hole
- Color abnormality: Lines appear faded; indicates photoreceptor dysfunction
Precautions
Normal results cannot completely rule out macular pathology. If abnormalities are found during self-testing, regardless of severity, please visit an ophthalmologist as soon as possible.
References
- Amsler M. Earliest symptoms of diseases of the macula. Br J Ophthalmol, 1948.
- AAO. Preferred Practice Pattern: Age-Related Macular Degeneration, 2019.